努力建設現代化人民城市
《求是》雜志評論員
城市，承(cheng)載著人民對(dui)美(mei)好(hao)生(sheng)活的(de)向(xiang)往，是現代化的(de)重要載體。
2025年7月14日(ri)至15日(ri)，時隔10年黨中央再次召開中央城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)會議，習近平總(zong)書(shu)(shu)記發表重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)講話(hua)，總(zong)結(jie)新(xin)時代(dai)以來我國城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發展成就(jiu)，分析城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)臨的形勢(shi)，明確做好(hao)(hao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的總(zong)體要(yao)求、重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)原(yuan)則、重(zhong)(zhong)點任務，強(qiang)調(diao)要(yao)以建(jian)設創(chuang)新(xin)、宜居、美麗、韌性、文(wen)明、智慧的現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)人民(min)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)為目標。總(zong)書(shu)(shu)記的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)講話(hua)，科學(xue)回答了城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發展為了誰、依靠(kao)誰以及建(jian)設什么(me)樣(yang)的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)、怎樣(yang)建(jian)設城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)等(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)大理(li)論和實踐問題，全面(mian)擘畫了建(jian)設現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)人民(min)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的新(xin)藍圖，為做好(hao)(hao)新(xin)時代(dai)新(xin)征(zheng)程的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)提供(gong)了根本遵循。
改(gai)革開放以(yi)來，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)經歷(li)(li)了世界歷(li)(li)史上(shang)規模最(zui)大、速度(du)最(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)進(jin)程，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)波瀾(lan)壯闊(kuo)，人民(min)(min)生(sheng)活環境(jing)顯著改(gai)善。特(te)別是黨的(de)(de)(de)十八大以(yi)來，以(yi)習(xi)近平(ping)同志為核心的(de)(de)(de)黨中央(yang)將城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)工作(zuo)擺在(zai)治國(guo)(guo)(guo)理(li)政的(de)(de)(de)重要位置(zhi)，著眼新形勢下我國(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)面臨的(de)(de)(de)突出(chu)矛(mao)盾和問題(ti)，堅持黨對城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面領導，堅持人民(min)(min)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)人民(min)(min)建、人民(min)(min)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)為人民(min)(min)，推動我國(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)取得歷(li)(li)史性成就。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)常住人口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)率從2012年的(de)(de)(de)53.1%上(shang)升(sheng)到2024年的(de)(de)(de)67%，19個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)群承(cheng)載全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)75%的(de)(de)(de)人口(kou)、貢獻了85%左右的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內生(sheng)產(chan)總(zong)值。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)新型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化(hua)水平(ping)和城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)能級、規劃建設治理(li)水平(ping)、宜業(ye)宜居水平(ping)、歷(li)(li)史文化(hua)保護傳(chuan)承(cheng)水平(ping)、生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)質量大幅提升(sheng)，人民(min)(min)群眾的(de)(de)(de)獲得感(gan)、幸福感(gan)、安全(quan)感(gan)不斷增強。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)有其自身(shen)規律。縱觀世界城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)歷(li)程，隨(sui)著城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)規模(mo)的(de)擴大，一些(xie)(xie)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)基礎設(she)施、公(gong)共服(fu)務水平(ping)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)管(guan)理能力等(deng)跟不上快(kuai)速(su)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)需要，出(chu)現人地失衡(heng)、空(kong)氣污染(ran)、交(jiao)通擁堵、垃(la)圾(ji)圍城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)病”，甚至導致嚴重(zhong)社會危(wei)機。許多(duo)世界著名的(de)大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)都有兩張面孔，一面是高樓林立的(de)國(guo)際化(hua)(hua)大都市(shi)景象，一面是貧(pin)窮落后的(de)貧(pin)民(min)窟。當前，我國(guo)已(yi)進入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)(hua)較快(kuai)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)中后期，國(guo)家發展(zhan)(zhan)目標、市(shi)場(chang)需求、人民(min)訴(su)求等(deng)都發生(sheng)變化(hua)(hua)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建設(she)必須主動適應這些(xie)(xie)變化(hua)(hua)，從(cong)關(guan)注增量、追求規模(mo)擴張、拉大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)框架轉向關(guan)注存量、追求品質提升和(he)結構(gou)優化(hua)(hua)。
基于對城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展規律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)刻(ke)洞察，這次中央城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)工作(zuo)會(hui)議作(zuo)出(chu)“我國城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)正(zheng)從(cong)(cong)快速(su)增(zeng)長期轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)穩定發(fa)展期，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展正(zheng)從(cong)(cong)大(da)規模(mo)增(zeng)量擴張階(jie)段轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)存量提質(zhi)增(zeng)效為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段”的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)判斷，指明我國城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展所(suo)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史方(fang)位(wei)和階(jie)段性特征(zheng)，部(bu)署了著力優(you)(you)(you)化(hua)現代(dai)化(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)體系、建(jian)設(she)富有活(huo)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)、建(jian)設(she)舒適便利的(de)(de)(de)(de)宜居城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)、建(jian)設(she)綠色(se)低碳的(de)(de)(de)(de)美麗城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)、建(jian)設(she)安(an)全可靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)韌(ren)性城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)、建(jian)設(she)崇德向(xiang)(xiang)善的(de)(de)(de)(de)文明城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)、建(jian)設(she)便捷高效的(de)(de)(de)(de)智慧城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)等“一(yi)個(ge)優(you)(you)(you)化(hua)、六個(ge)建(jian)設(she)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)7個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)重(zhong)點(dian)任務。新(xin)形勢下做好城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)工作(zuo)，必須深(shen)刻(ke)把握新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史方(fang)位(wei)、主(zhu)動適應形勢變化(hua)，錨定建(jian)設(she)現代(dai)化(hua)人民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)和重(zhong)點(dian)任務，認真踐行人民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)理念，堅持因地制(zhi)宜、分類指導，以推(tui)(tui)動城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)高質(zhi)量發(fa)展為主(zhu)題，以堅持城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)內涵(han)式發(fa)展為主(zhu)線，以推(tui)(tui)進城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)更新(xin)為重(zhong)要抓手，大(da)力推(tui)(tui)動城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)結構優(you)(you)(you)化(hua)、動能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換、品質(zhi)提升、綠色(se)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型、文脈賡續、治理增(zeng)效，牢(lao)牢(lao)守住城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)安(an)全底線，走出(chu)一(yi)條中國特色(se)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)現代(dai)化(hua)新(xin)路(lu)子。
轉(zhuan)變城(cheng)市發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)理念(nian)(nian)，更加注重以(yi)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)本。城(cheng)市的核(he)心(xin)(xin)是人(ren)(ren)，城(cheng)市發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)是為(wei)了人(ren)(ren)的全面發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。城(cheng)市工(gong)作(zuo)做得好(hao)不(bu)好(hao)，最終要用人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)滿(man)意(yi)度來衡量(liang)。隨著(zhu)我國經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)水平的不(bu)斷(duan)提高，人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)的需求(qiu)從“有沒(mei)有”轉(zhuan)向“好(hao)不(bu)好(hao)”，對城(cheng)市的生態環境、功能布局、品質生活(huo)都提出了更高要求(qiu)。要自覺(jue)踐行以(yi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)為(wei)中心(xin)(xin)的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)思想(xiang)，轉(zhuan)變以(yi)往“見(jian)(jian)物不(bu)見(jian)(jian)人(ren)(ren)”、過度追(zhui)求(qiu)經濟(ji)增長的發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)理念(nian)(nian)。堅(jian)持把“人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)建”和“為(wei)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)”有機結(jie)合起(qi)來，既(ji)充分調(diao)動人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)參與城(cheng)市建設的積(ji)極性(xing)、主動性(xing)、創造性(xing)，又(you)精準回應人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)訴求(qiu)，讓人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾(zhong)在城(cheng)市生活(huo)得更方便(bian)、更舒心(xin)(xin)、更美好(hao)。
轉變城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)方式(shi)，更加注(zhu)重(zhong)集約高(gao)效(xiao)。從大規模(mo)增量(liang)(liang)擴張階段轉向存量(liang)(liang)提(ti)質增效(xiao)為主的階段，迫(po)切需要改變粗放外延式(shi)的城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)模(mo)式(shi)，解決好(hao)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)部分房屋和基礎設施老化(hua)、地(di)上和地(di)下建(jian)設失衡等問題，杜絕盲目(mu)擴張“攤(tan)大餅”，走(zou)內(nei)涵式(shi)、集約型(xing)、綠(lv)色化(hua)的高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發展(zhan)(zhan)路子(zi)。要優化(hua)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)功(gong)能結構，提(ti)高(gao)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)對(dui)人(ren)口和經(jing)濟社會發展(zhan)(zhan)的綜合承載能力。優化(hua)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)空間結構，堅持(chi)人(ren)口、產業、城(cheng)鎮、交通一體規劃。強(qiang)化(hua)綠(lv)色低碳(tan)導向，把“雙碳(tan)”目(mu)標貫穿于城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建(jian)設與運行(xing)全(quan)過程，增強(qiang)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)持(chi)續性。
轉變城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)動(dong)力，更加(jia)注重特(te)色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。我國(guo)有690多(duo)座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)之間(jian)資源稟賦(fu)、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)水平、基礎條件等各不(bu)相(xiang)同，各地情況千差萬別(bie)，不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)也不(bu)應(ying)該(gai)“千城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一面”，讓城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)失(shi)去獨特(te)辨識度和(he)韻味。要堅持因地制宜，加(jia)強(qiang)科技和(he)文化賦(fu)能(neng)，提升(sheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)核心競爭力。強(qiang)化創新驅(qu)動(dong)支撐，精心培育創新生態，激活城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)內生動(dong)力。明確功能(neng)定位，促進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)功能(neng)互補、產業錯位布局(ju)。彰顯文化特(te)色(se)(se)，留住(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)特(te)有的(de)“文化基因”，構(gou)建各美(mei)(mei)其美(mei)(mei)、美(mei)(mei)美(mei)(mei)與共的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)格局(ju)。
轉變(bian)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)重(zhong)心(xin)，更(geng)加(jia)注重(zhong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)投入。城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)核心(xin)競爭力，不(bu)僅體(ti)現(xian)(xian)在規模(mo)和體(ti)量上(shang)，更(geng)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)在管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)精度(du)、服務的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)和治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)效度(du)上(shang)。在發展(zhan)實踐(jian)中，仍有一些城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)“重(zhong)建(jian)設、輕治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)”，治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)水(shui)平與現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)人(ren)民城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)要(yao)求不(bu)適應、不(bu)協調。要(yao)創新(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)念、模(mo)式和手段，提高治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)精細(xi)化(hua)(hua)、法治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)、智慧化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平。堅持依(yi)法治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)市(shi)(shi)，提升基層治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)效能，推動治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)重(zhong)心(xin)和配(pei)套資源向基層下沉(chen)。夯(hang)實城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)安全(quan)底座(zuo)，統籌推進(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)基礎(chu)設施生命(ming)線安全(quan)工程建(jian)設。加(jia)快數(shu)字化(hua)(hua)轉型，促進(jin)數(shu)智技術和城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)深(shen)度(du)融合，讓城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)更(geng)聰明、更(geng)智慧。
轉變(bian)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)工作方法(fa)，更加注重統籌協(xie)調。城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)是一個復雜的有機生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命體，涉及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態、文(wen)化(hua)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)各方面。城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發展進入新階段，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)工作方法(fa)也必須隨之調整，不(bu)能只看眼前不(bu)看長遠(yuan)，只看局(ju)部不(bu)看全(quan)(quan)局(ju)，只算(suan)經濟賬(zhang)不(bu)算(suan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態賬(zhang)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)賬(zhang)和(he)民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)賬(zhang)。要樹(shu)立系統觀念，跳(tiao)出單點(dian)突破、各自為政的工作模式，破解發展碎片化(hua)、政策割裂(lie)、資源錯配等難題，提高(gao)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)工作科(ke)學性(xing)、主(zhu)動性(xing)。強(qiang)化(hua)跨部門跨領域(yu)跨層(ceng)級(ji)協(xie)同(tong)聯(lian)動，增強(qiang)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)政策協(xie)同(tong)性(xing)。健全(quan)(quan)多元參與(yu)機制，凝聚推動城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)高(gao)質量(liang)(liang)發展的強(qiang)大力量(liang)(liang)。
建設(she)現(xian)代(dai)化人民城市(shi)，既是一場深刻(ke)的理(li)念變革，更是一項復(fu)雜的系統工(gong)程。我(wo)們(men)要保(bao)持歷史耐(nai)心，堅持久(jiu)久(jiu)為功，以人民城市(shi)理(li)念構筑現(xian)代(dai)化人民之城、幸福之城！